Memory mapped I/O bus selection

ABSTRACT

A mechanism and method for redefining an application specific integrated circuit&#39;s I/O bus structure in real-time. The mechanism includes an address map block, a state machine block, and a bus arbitration block. At initialization, the address map is configured to divide the address space into regions and type of bus structure. When an I/O access is requested by a client (e.g., CPU, DMA controller, etc.), the request is mapped into a region and type of bus structure by the address map block. The region and type of bus structure is used by the state machine. The state machine determines the syntax and protocol for the region and type of bus. The state machine signals the bus arbitration block to grant I/O bus ownership when it is available. Once ownership is granted, I/O bus pins are defined and access is granted.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0001] 1. Field of the Invention

[0002] The present invention is generally related to I/O bus structures. More particularly, the present invention is related to configuring in real time an ASIC I/O bus structure to communicate with multiple external devices having different bus structures.

[0003] 2. Background Art

[0004] Current ASIC architectures have “hardwired” I/O bus structures. In a multi-I/O bus system, the drawbacks of a hardwired I/O bus structure may include requiring: (1) more ASIC package pins; (2) external glue logic; or (3) an external bus bridge IC.

[0005]FIG. 1A is a diagram illustrating an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) having multi-I/O bus structures communicating with two devices having different I/O bus structures. FIG. 1A shows ASIC 102, device 104, device 106, and device 108. ASIC 102 contains two bus structures, a local bus structure 110 (e.g., Expansion Bus Interface, or EBI) for communicating with device 104 and a PCI bus structure 112 for communicating with devices 106 and 108. Thus, ASIC 102 contains pins for a local bus 110 and pins for a PCI bus 112.

[0006]FIG. 1B shows additional detail of the ASIC 102. As shown in FIG. 1B, the ASIC 102 includes an internal bus 120, a CPU interface 126, other internal resources 128, 130, and two interfaces to external buses, e.g., an EBI bus interface 122 and a PCI bus interface 124, which connect to the EBI bus 110 and the PCI bus 112, respectively.

[0007] To support the different interfaces, i.e., EBI bus 110 and PCI bus 112, ASIC 102 is required to have more pins on the package. The more pins required for the ASIC 102, the more costly the ASIC will be to manufacture.

[0008] Accordingly, what is needed is a system and method for redefining an ASIC's I/O bus structure in real-time to enable operation in a multi-PO bus system.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0009] The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems by providing a system and method for redefining an ASIC's I/O bus structure in real-time to enable operation in a multi-I/O bus system with a variety of external devices having different I/O bus structures.

[0010] In one aspect of the present invention there is provided a system for managing I/O traffic in a multi-bus environment including a circuit (or glue logic) that receives address information from a microprocessor, and an interface to a plurality of buses. The interface has a set of pins the functionality of the pins is defined in real time based on the address information. The functionality can also be dynamically charged in real time based on the address.

[0011] In another aspect there is provided a method of managing I/O traffic in a multi-bus environment including receiving an address and an I/O request from a processor, and changing in real time characteristics of pins of an interface to a plurality of buses wherein the characteristics are changed based on the address.

[0012] Additional features and advantages oft he invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.

[0013] It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:

[0015]FIG. 1A is a diagram illustrating a conventional application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) having multi-I/O bus structures communicating with two devices having different I/O bus structures.

[0016]FIG. 1B shows additional detail of the ASIC of FIG. 1A.

[0017]FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) having a local bus communicating with an external device having a PCI bus via glue logic or a bus bridge IC.

[0018]FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a memory-mapped I/O bus selection for enabling an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) to communicate with multiple I/O bus structures in real-time according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019]FIG. 4A is a diagram illustrating a more detailed block diagram of a memory-mapped I/O bus selection according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020]FIG. 4B shows additional detail of the ASIC of the present invention.

[0021]FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for redefining an I/O bus structure in real-time according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022]FIG. 6 illustrates memory space allocation of the system.

[0023]FIG. 7 shows operation of the state machine of the present invention in flowchart form.

[0024] The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description set forth below when taken in conjunction with the drawings in which like reference characters identify corresponding elements throughout. In the drawings, like reference numbers generally indicate identical, functionally similar, and/or structurally similar elements. The drawings in which an element first appears is indicated by the leftmost digit(s) in the corresponding reference number.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0025] While the present invention is described herein with reference to illustrative embodiments for particular applications, it should be understood that the invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art(s) with access to the teachings provided herein will recognize additional modifications, applications, and embodiments within the scope thereof and additional fields in which the present invention would be of significant utility.

[0026] The present invention is directed to a mechanism and method for redefining an application specific integrated circuit's I/O bus structure in real-time. The mechanism includes an address map block, a state machine block, and a bus arbitration block. At initialization, the address map is configured to divide the address space into regions (i.e., used for bus addressing, used for other purposes, see generally FIG. 6) and type of bus structure (e.g., PCI, EBI, etc.). When I/O access is requested by a client (e.g., CPU, DMA controller, etc.), the request is mapped into a region and type of bus structure by the address map block. The region and type of bus structure is used by the state machine. The state machine determines the syntax and protocol for the region and type of bus. The state machine signals the bus arbitration block to grant I/O bus ownership when it is available. Once ownership is granted, I/O bus pins are defined and access is granted.

[0027] The present invention takes advantage of the fact that a processor or CPU will never simultaneously request I/O from more than one bus simultaneously. Furthermore, the address mapping in a typical system is such that the same address is never shared by devices on the different buses. This enables the sharing of resources, particularly ASIC pins, between different buses, provided the pins can be configured appropriately.

[0028] Examples of such buses include, e.g., an EBI (Expansion Bus Interface) bus and a PCI bus. The PCI bus is a 32-pin bus that includes 16 data pins. A PCI bus is frequently used to communicate with devices such as Ethernet chips, Gigabit ethernet chips, other CPUs, and various peripheral devices. The pinout of the PCI bus is shown in the table below: TABLE 1 PCI bus interface PIN No. PCI BUS 1 PCI_AD0 2 PCI_AD1 3 PCI_AD2 4 PCI_AD3 5 PCI_AD4 6 PCI_AD5 7 PCI_AD6 8 PCI_AD7 9 PCI_AD8 10 PCI_AD9 11 PCI_AD10 12 PCI_AD11 13 PCI_AD12 14 PCI_AD13 15 PCI_AD14 16 PCI_AD15 17 PCI_AD16 18 PCI_AD17 19 PCI_AD18 20 PCI_AD19 21 PCI_AD20 22 PCI_AD21 23 PCI_AD22 24 PCI_AD23 25 PCI_AD24 26 PCI_AD25 27 PCI_AD26 28 PCI_AD27 29 PCI_AD28 30 PCI_AD29 31 PCI_AD30 32 PCI_AD31 33 PCI_CBE0 34 PCI_CBE1 35 PCI_CBE2 36 PCI_CBE3 37 PCI_PAR 38 PCI_TRDY 39 PCI_IRDY 40 PCI_DEVSEL 41 PCI_STOP 42 PCI_RESET 43 PCI_CLK 44 PCI_FRAME 45 PCI_REQ 46 PCI_GRNT 47 PCI_INT

[0029] In the EBI bus, 16 pins are dedicated to data, 25 pins to address, and 13 pins to control signals plus additional pins for power and ground. The EBI bus is typically used for accessing memory, such as ROM, RAM and flash memory. It is also sometimes used to access other CPUs. A pinout oft he EBI bus is shown in the table below. TABLE 2 EBI bus interface PIN No. EBI BUS 1 EBI_DATA0 2 EBI_DATA1 3 EBI_DATA2 4 EBI_DATA3 5 EBI_DATA4 6 EBI_DATA5 7 EBI_DATA6 8 EBI_DATA7 9 EBI_DATA8 10 EBI_DATA9 11 EBI_DATA10 12 EBI_DATA11 13 EBI_DATA12 14 EBI_DATA13 15 EBI_DATA14 16 EBI_DATA15 17 EBI_ADD0 18 EBI_ADD1 19 EBI_ADD2 20 EBI_ADD3 21 EBI_ADD4 22 EBI_ADD5 23 EBI_ADD6 24 EBI_ADD7 25 EBI_ADD8 26 EBI_ADD9 27 EBI_ADD10 28 EBI_ADD11 29 EBI_ADD12 30 EBI_ADD13 31 EBI_ADD14 32 EBI_ADD15 33 EBI_ADD16 34 EBI_ADD17 35 EBI_ADD18 36 EBI_ADD19 37 EBI_ADD20 38 EBI_ADD21 39 EBI_ADD22 40 EBI_ADD23 41 EBI_ADD24 42 EBI_ADD25 43 EBI_RESET 44 EBI_CLK 45 EBI_WR_N 46 EBI_RD 47 EBI_DS 48 EBI_WE 49 EBI_TS 50 EBI_TA 51 EBI_TAE 52 EBI_CS 53 EBI_REQ 54 EBI_GRNT

[0030] Thus, if an ASIC were to support both interfaces, it would need 54+47=101 pins.

[0031] In the present invention, pin arbitration is based strictly on the address. The invention allows the reuse of pins from multiple buses in real time, through use of a memory mapping block. The memory mapping block is essentially a look up table, and is based on the address.

[0032] The present invention applies to desk top systems, cable modem systems, cable set top boxes, satellite set top boxes and DSL interfaces. It is particularly advantageous in systems where the cost oft he package is a significant part of the overall cost, and the brute force approach of dedicating separate pins and interfaces for each type of bus is difficult or impractical.

[0033] It should be noted that the designer should pay particular attention to load and driving requirements, which are frequently different for different buses. For example, the EBI bus typically has lower driver requirements than the PCI bus. The PCI bus has distance requirements, which the EBI bus does not. However, the designer of the system would know in advance how many devices are expected to be connected on each bus, and can design the system accordingly.

[0034] In some instances, an ASIC may only contain one I/O bus structure. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an application-specific integrated circuit having a local bus structure in communication with an external device having a PCI bus structure. FIG. 2 shows ASIC 102 in communication with ASIC 204. ASIC 102, as previously stated, has a local bus PO structure. ASIC 204 has a PCI bus I/O structure. In order for ASIC 202 to communicate with ASIC 204, glue logic or bus bridge 206 must be interfaced between the two ASICs 202, 204. Glue logic or bus bridge 206 communicates with ASIC 202 via local bus 208. Glue logic or bus bridge 206 communicates with ASIC 204 via PCI bus 210.

[0035] Table 3 below shows an example of a pinout of an ASIC where the PCI bus and the EBI bus share pins. TABLE 3 Example of PCI bus and EBI bus sharing one interface PIN No. EBI BUS PCI BUS 1 EBI_DATA0 PCI_AD0 2 EBI_DATA1 PCI_AD1 3 EBI_DATA2 PCI_AD2 4 EBI_DATA3 PCI_AD3 5 EBI_DATA4 PCI_AD4 6 EBI_DATA5 PCI_AD5 7 EBI_DATA6 PCI_AD6 8 EBI_DATA7 PCI_AD7 9 EBI_DATA8 PCI_AD8 10 EBI_DATA9 PCI_AD9 11 EBI_DATA10 PCI_AD10 12 EBI_DATA11 PCI_AD11 13 EBI_DATA12 PCI_AD12 14 EBI_DATA13 PCI_AD13 15 EBI_DATA14 PCI_AD14 16 EBI_DATA15 PCI_AD15 17 EBI_ADD0 PCI_AD16 18 EBI_ADD1 PCI_AD17 19 EBI_ADD2 PCI_AD18 20 EBI_ADD3 PCI_AD19 21 EBI_ADD4 PCI_AD20 22 EBI_ADD5 PCI_AD21 23 EBI_ADD6 PCI_AD22 24 EBI_ADD7 PCI_AD23 25 EBI_ADD8 PCI_AD24 26 EBI_ADD9 PCI_AD25 27 EBI_ADD10 PCI_AD26 28 EBI_ADD11 PCI_AD27 29 EBI_ADD12 PCI_AD28 30 EBI_ADD13 PCI_AD29 31 EBI_ADD14 PCI_AD30 32 EBI_ADD15 PCI_AD31 33 EBI_ADD16 PCI_CBE0 34 EBI_ADD17 PCI_CBE1 35 EBI_ADD18 PCI_CBE2 36 EBI_ADD19 PCI_CBE3 37 EBI_ADD20 PCI_PAR 38 EBI_ADD21 PCI_TRDY 39 EBI_ADD22 PCI_IRDY 40 EBI_ADD23 PCI_DEVSEL 41 EBI_ADD24 PCI_STOP 42 EBI_ADD25 43 EBI_RESET PCI_RESET 44 EBI_CLK PCI_CLK 45 EBI_WR_N 46 EBI_RD 47 EBI_DS 48 EBI_WE 49 EBI_TS 50 EBI_TA 51 EBI_TAE 52 EBI_CS 53 PCI_FRAME 54 PCI_INT 55 BUS_REQ BUS_REQ 56 BUS_GRNT BUS_GRNT

[0036] In this example the ASIC would need 56 pins to support both interfaces.

[0037]FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating memory map I/O bus selection for enabling an ASIC to communicate with multiple I/O bus structures in real time according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, the present invention eliminates the need for multiple pins representative of different I/O bus structures on a single ASIC chip. The present invention also eliminates the need for glue logic or bus bridges to connect one type of I/O bus structure to another type of I/O bus structure. As shown in FIG. 3, memory mapped bus I/O bus selection 302 enables ASIC 202 to communicate via an I/O bus 304 to device 104, and also device ASIC 204. Device 104 includes a local bus 208 as where ASIC 204 communicates via a PCI bus 210. Memory mapped I/O bus selection 302 enables ASIC chip 202 to have a single PO bus structure that communicates via I/O bus 304 to either device 104 or ASIC 204. Memory mapped I/O bus selection 302 changes the definition of I/O bus 304 in real time depending upon which device or ASIC ASIC 204 is communicating with. For example, if ASIC 202 is communicating with device 104, wherein device 104 has a local bus, I/O bus 304 is defined in real time to be a local bus. Alternatively, if ASIC 202 is communicating with ASIC 204, memory-mapped I/O bus selection defines I/O bus 304 to be a PCI bus in order that ASIC 204 communicates with ASIC 202. Thus, when ASIC 202 needs to be a PCI bus for comminations with ASIC 204, the definition of the bus is changed in real time. This eliminates the need for numerous extra pins on ASIC 202. Thus, the present invention enables one set of pins on an ASIC chip to support a plurality of I/O bus structures. 00361 FIG. 4A is a more detailed block diagram of memory-mapped I/O bus selection 302. Memory-mapped I/O bus selection 302 comprises an address map block 402, a state machine block 404 and a bus arbitration block 406. Address map block 402 is coupled to state machine 404 and state machine block 404 is coupled to bus arbitration 406.

[0038] Address map block 402 is used to configure an address map into regions and types of bus structures. For example, such bus structures may include, but are not limited to, a PCI bus, an EDI bus, a SCSI bus, a MIPS bus, a 68 K-type bus, etc.

[0039] State machine block 404 is used to determine the syntax and protocol for a region and type of bus upon receipt of 1/0 access by a client. Bus arbitration block 406 is used to enable a bus artibrateur to grant bus ownership.

[0040]FIG. 4B shows additional detail oft he ASIC 202 oft he present invention, with the PCI bus and the EPI bus used as examples. As shown in FIG. 4B, the ASIC 202 includes an internal bus 120, which is connected to a CPU interface 126 and other internal resources 128, 130. The internal bus 120 is also connected to the address map block 402, the state machine 404, and an external bus interface 408. The external bus interface 408 is connected to a bus 304, which can be configured (in this example) as either a PCI bus or an EBI bus, depending on the address provided to the ASIC 202.

[0041]FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for redefining an I/0 bus structure in real time according to an embodiment of the present invention. The process begins with step 502 (start), where the process immediately proceeds to step 504.

[0042] In step 504, at initialization, the address map block 402 is configured to divide the address space into region and types of bus structures. The process then proceeds to step 506.

[0043] In step 506, when an P/O access if requested by a client, the request is mapped into a region and type of bus structure by the address map block 402. A client may include a CPU, a DMA controller, etc. The process then proceeds to step 508.

[0044] In step 508, the region and type of bus structure is used by the state machine 404 to determine the syntax and protocol for the region and type of bus. The state machine 404 then signals the bus arbitration block 406 to grant I/0 bus ownership when it is available in step 510. The process then proceeds to step 512.

[0045] In step 512, once ownership is granted, I/O bus pins of the ASIC are defined and access is granted.

[0046]FIG. 6 illustrates the memory space allocation of the ASIC 202. In the example shown in FIG. 6, the lowest addresses are reserved for the PCI bus, access, the next lowest for the EBI bus, and so forth.

[0047]FIG. 7 illustrates additional detail of operation of the state machine 404. As shown in FIG. 7, normally the state machine 404 is in an idle state (step 702). Upon an external bus request, the state machine 404 can either return to idle (step 702) or continue to process the request (step 706). If the request is for an internal bus, the next decision is whether a memory mapped I/O decision is required (step 708). If the address maps to the EBI bus, the pins of the ASIC pinout should be configured for the EBI bus (step 710). The EBI bus is then accessed (step 712). If the request is for the PCI bus, based on the address, the pins of the ASIC 202 are configured for PCI bus operation (step 716). (In this example, only two types of buses are supported, but in actuality, other types of buses may be present). The PCI bus is then accessed (step 718). After steps 712 or 718, the state machine returns to idle state.

[0048] If in step 706, the request is not for an internal bus, the bus is granted (step 714). The state machine 404 then returns to the idle state.

[0049] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention cover the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A system for managing I/O traffic in a multi-bus environment comprising: a circuit that receives address information from a microprocessor; and an interface to a plurality of buses, wherein functionality of pins of the interface is defined in real time based on the address information.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of buses includes a PCI bus and an Expansion Bus Interface (EBI) bus.
 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of buses includes any combination of a PCI bus, an IDE bus, a SCSI bus, a 68 K-type bus and an EBI bus.
 4. The system of claim 1, further including a state machine corresponding to states of each supported bus of the plurality of buses.
 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the circuit is an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC).
 6. A system for managing I/O traffic in a multi-bus environment comprising: a glue logic that receives an address and an I/O request from a processor; and an interface to a plurality of buses, wherein functionality of pins of the interface is dynamically changed in real time based on the address.
 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the plurality of buses includes a PCI bus and an EBI bus.
 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the plurality of buses includes any combination of a PCI bus, an IDE bus, a SCSI bus, a 68 K-type bus and an EBI bus.
 9. The system of claim 6, further including a state machine corresponding to states of each supported bus of the plurality of buses.
 10. The system of claim 6, wherein the glue logic is an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC).
 11. A method of managing I/O traffic in a multi-bus environment comprising: receiving an address and an I/O request from a processor; changing in real time functionality of pins of an interface to a plurality of buses, wherein the functionality of the pins is changed based on the address; and transmitting the I/O request and the address to a destination identified by the address on a corresponding bus of the plurality of buses.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the plurality of buses includes a PCI bus and an EBI bus.
 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the plurality of buses includes any combination of a PCI bus, an IDE bus, a SCSI bus, a 68K-bus and an EBI bus. 